It may have been the WEATHER that did them in. Researcher Julien Riel-Salvatore says, "It’s been long believed that Neanderthals were outcompeted by fitter modern humans and they could not adapt. We are changing the main narrative. Neanderthals were just as adaptable and in many ways, simply victims of their own success."

Researcher Michael Barton agrees and says, "Neanderthals could have disappeared NOT because they were somehow less fit than all other hominins who existed during the last glaciation, but because they were as behaviorally sophisticated as modern humans."
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It has been known since the discovery of Neanderthal burials in Shanidar Cave in northern Iraq that they buried their dead with love and honor, and now it has been discovered that modern human were also doing this. The Neanderthal burials date from 60,000 years ago, and the recently discovered modern human remains, buried on a bed of flowers, date from 15,000 years.
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Researchers have provided the first molecular evidence that Neanderthals not only ate a range of cooked plant foods, but also understood its nutritional and medicinal qualities. Oetzi, he prehistoric "iceman" (who was not a Neanderthal), carried mushrooms with him, which were clearly meant to be used for medicinal purposes.

Until recently Neanderthals, who disappeared between 30,000 and 24,000 years ago, were thought to be predominantly meat-eaters. However, evidence of dietary breadth is growing as more sophisticated analyses are undertaken.
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By studying fossilized Neanderthal bones, scientists have determined that this species was extremely promiscuous. If they were having this much fun, why did they die out? Researchers have formed an image of sexy Neanderthals from the fact that the length of their second finger bones (the finger next to the index finger) show evidence of exposure to prenatal androgens, which produce high levels of testosterone and are important in the development of male characteristics such as aggression and promiscuity. In contrast, early homo erectus (our ancestors)–dating from approximately 3 to 4 million years ago–were likely to be monogamous.read more